Why is it essential to monitor intake and output (IandO) of a patient?

Monitoring intake and output (I&O) is crucial in nursing practice as it provides valuable information about a patient's fluid balance and kidney function. By tracking the amount of fluid a patient consumes (intake) and the volume of fluid they excrete (output), healthcare professionals can identify potential issues such as dehydration, fluid overload, or renal impairment.

Evaluating fluid balance is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body. If there is an imbalance—too much fluid intake or insufficient output—it can lead to serious complications, particularly concerning kidney function. The kidneys play a significant role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, and by monitoring I&O, healthcare providers can assess whether the kidneys are functioning properly. An abnormal trend in I&O may indicate that the kidneys are not filtering or excreting waste effectively, prompting further evaluation and intervention.

While it may seem that monitoring I&O is only important for patients with existing kidney diseases, it is actually a standard practice for all patients, as changes in fluid balance can occur in various clinical situations, such as surgery, illness, or hospitalization. Therefore, option B correctly highlights the importance of I&O in assessing both fluid balance and kidney function.